10 Facts You May Not Know About British Wool

How much do you know about the wool industry and British wool? We bring you 10 amazing facts so you can find out more about this unique fibre.

The UK has more than 60 breeds of sheep and produces around 23 million kilograms of wool a year. For decades farmers were paid so little for their fleeces that shearing often cost more than the wool was worth, but prices are finally rising, and British Wool paid an average of 68p per kilo for the 2025 clip, the highest in ten years. Here are ten facts about where British wool comes from, what it’s used for and who buys it.

Every October is Wool Month, when British Wool and the brands, mills and retailers who work with it spend the month reminding the rest of us why wool matters. It felt like a good time to update this article, which I first wrote back in 2022, because quite a lot has changed since then, and most of it for the better.

Dispelling the Myth That British Wool is Only Suitable for Carpets

There’s a long-standing belief that British wool is too coarse for anything other than carpets and rugs, and it’s one I still hear from brands who assume they’ll have to use merino from Australia if they want something soft against the skin.

The reality is that it depends on the breed of sheep and where it’s raised. Hill breeds from the north of England, Wales and Scotland grow tougher, coarser fleeces because that’s what they need to cope with the weather up there, and their wool is perfect for tweeds, outerwear and upholstery.

Lowland breeds have softer fleeces, and Bluefaced Leicester produces some of the finest wool grown anywhere in the UK, which is why you’ll see it named on so many British knitwear labels.

British Wool is keen to dispel the myth that the fleece from our homegrown sheep breeds is unsuitable for anything other than carpets. In fact, it’s all a bit more complicated than that.

Weather and the geographical location of the flock also influence the quality of the wool in terms of its micron. For instance, if you are a Welsh mountain sheep, your fleece is going to be strong and robust as it has responded to the harsh weather, whereas sheep in the lowlands don’t need quite such strong fleece, so it is softer and finer and used for blankets and fabrics.

Here’s a list of some of the brands using British wool for clothing and accessories.

10 Facts About British Wool

1. The UK produces around 23 million kilograms of wool a year, with each sheep growing 2 to 3 kilograms of fleece annually.
2. Farmers were paid an average of 68p per kilo for the 2025 wool clip, up from 40p the year before and the best return in a decade. British Wool expects many of the core grades to pass £1 per kilo for 2026.
3. Even at £1 a kilo, an average fleece is worth around £2.50 to the farmer, which explains why so many have treated wool as a by-product of farming sheep for meat.
4. Around 30,000 sheep farmers sell their wool through British Wool, the farmer-owned organisation that collects, grades and sells the national clip.
5. There were 30.48 million sheep in the UK in June 2025, although the national flock has been getting smaller for several years.
6. Britain has more than 60 breeds of sheep, more than any other country in the world.
7. Only a handful of wool scourers, the businesses that wash raw fleece before it can be spun, are left in the UK, most of them around Bradford.
8. It takes at least ten processes to turn a fleece into cloth: shearing, grading, selling, scouring, carding, combing, spinning, weaving, dyeing and finishing.
9. Wool can absorb around 30% of its own weight in moisture without feeling wet, and it biodegrades in soil in less than a year without shedding microplastics.
10. A growing number of UK brands can now trace a garment back to the farm its wool came from. Glencroft’s Clapdale wool comes from farms within ten miles of its home in the Yorkshire Dales, and Katie Cotmarsh knits with wool from her own flock in Wiltshire. You’ll find more brands like these in our guide to the Best of British Wool Clothing & Accessories.

Who Buys British Wool?

Once it’s sheared, British wool is collected by British Wool, graded by hand into different types according to things like fineness, length and colour, and then sold at auction to merchants. A large share is exported, with China among the biggest buyers, and some of it comes back to the UK as finished products. That means a jumper labelled “British wool” may well have travelled to the other side of the world and back before it reaches you.

That’s why the brands that keep the whole process in the UK are worth seeking out. I talked about this, and a lot more about how the wool industry works, with Louisa Knapp from British Wool on the Make it British Podcast.

My visit to British wool in Bradford

At British Wool in Bradford they classify fleeces into 120 different grades of wool by hand. Top grader, Ian, showed me how they classify the different fleedes just by feeling them, and introduced me to his 18 year old son, who is now training to be a grader too.

Frequently Asked Questions about British wool

If you want to find out more about British yarn, you may be interested in this article on the Best of British Yarn Producers and the Best of British-Made Knitwear Brands